Glossary

Macintosh Operating System. Formerly known as Mac OS X.

Barracuda CloudGen Firewall service that lets you set up a secure mail gateway. Provides antivirus integration, POP3 scanning, content stripping, grey listing, and blocklists, and generates log files.

A server that receives, stores, sends, and processes emails.

An Internet site that attempts to install malware onto your device, usually to steal your personal information or to disrupt the operation of your system.

A programming library for Windows developers that provides messaging services to their applications.

Modifying the source IP address and port of a packet (Source NAT) to be the primary IP address assigned to an outgoing interface with a dynamic address (DHCP).

A megabit.

A unit of measure used to describe the rate of data transmission equal to one millions bits per second.

A network topology in which each node relays data for the network. All mesh nodes cooperate in the distribution of data in the network.

A unit of frequency equal to 10^6 hertz, which is defined as one cycle per second. 

A database used for managing the entities in a communication network. Often associated with SNMP.

Microsoft's cloud computing platform. Barracuda Networks was the first Microsoft Azure Certified Security Solution Provider, with a product line that includes the Barracuda Web Application Firewall, CloudGen Firewall, Message Archiver, and Email Security Gateway.

Microsoft Exchange Server is a calendaring and mail server that runs exclusively on the Microsoft Windows Server product line. A hosted version of Exchange Server is available as part of Office 365

Microsoft's software plus services model that offers Microsoft Office on a subscription-based pricing model, with cloud storage abilities.

A web application platform in the Microsoft Office server suite, mainly used for document management and storage. 

Two-part identifier for file formats and format contents transmitted over the Internet.

Measure representing the overall quality of a system or stimulus, calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of individual values of quality. Often used for, but not limited to, video, audio and audiovisual quality.

A packet-forwarding method for high performance networks. Directs data between network nodes based on short path labels, instead of long addresses.

Protocol used to authenticate VPN clients over L2TP/PPTP or to authenticate HTTP Proxy users.

Software that transports email messages from one computer to another by using a client-server architecture.

A specification in a data link protocol that defines the maximum number of bytes that can be carried in any one packet on that link.

Single packets copied by the network and sent to a specific subset of network addresses. These addresses are specified in the destination address field.

Switch that filters and forwards packets based on MAC addresses and network addresses. A subset of LAN switch.

Scheme that allows multiple logical signals to be transmitted simultaneously across a single physical channel.

The existence of multiple clients sharing resources (services or applications) on distinct physical hardware. Due to the on-demand nature of cloud, most services are multitenant.

Resource record in DNS that specifies a mail server responsible for accepting email messages for a recipient’s domain. Includes a preference value to prioritize mail delivery when there are multiple mail servers.

Two separate congestion control algorithms that can be used in TCP-based networks. One algorithm reduces the sending window. the other limits small datagrams.

Server connected to a network that resolves network names into network addresses.

The process of modifying IP address information in IP packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device. The simplest type of NAT provides a one to one translation of IP addresses.

A NAT device, managed by AWS, that performs network address translation in a private subnet, to secure inbound Internet traffic. A NAT gateway uses both NAT and port address translation.

A NAT device, configured by a user, that performs network address translation in a VPC public subnet to secure inbound Internet traffic.

A computer networking methodology with the goal to establish and maintain Internet protocol connections across gateways that implement network address translation (NAT). NAT breaks the principle of end-to-end connectivity originally envisioned in the design of the Internet.

Locally installed application that has been developed for use on a particular platform or device.

In OSPF, two routers that have interfaces to a common network. On multiaccess networks, neighbors are dynamically discovered by the OSPF Hello protocol.

API used by applications on an IBM LAN to request services from lower-level network processes. These services might include session establishment and termination, and information transfer.

Barracuda Networks product that integrates with the Access Control Service and lets you configure access policies and rules depending identity and client health state. The NAC Client consists of Barracuda Personal Firewall, Barracuda Access Monitor, and Barracuda VPN Client.

Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems. The network layer is the layer at which routing occurs.

A firewall object on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that references networks, IP addresses, hostnames, or interfaces. Network objects can be applied to access rules. 

Networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.

Software that provides system administrators remote access to F-Series Firewalls and Control Centers through their iOS device. 

Mobile portal in NextGen Firewall that provides access web resources for mobile devices. (Barracuda SSL VPN is a separate product.)

Unix and Linux operating system network file sharing system. 

A central administration appliance designed to manage a large number of Barracuda NG Firewalls.

Resource-intensive OSPF area that carries a default route, static routes, intra-area routes, interarea routes, and external routes. The only OSPF areas that can have virtual links configured across them and that can contain an ASBR.

Nonrelational database systems that are highly available, scalable, and optimized for high performance. Instead of the relational model, NoSQL databases (like Amazon DynamoDB) use alternate models for data management, such as key–value pairs or document storage.

A network administration command-line tool available for many computer operating systems for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record.

A suite of Microsoft security protocols that provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality to users.

Form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material.

Authentication method with an internal IP address as destination. Offline Authentication Works with all protocols (for example, POP3).

Refers to a location other than the subject site. Example: Barracuda Cloud Storage subscription plans provide diverse offsite storage that scales to meet your changing data requirements.

An Amazon EC2 pricing option that charges you for compute capacity by the hour with no long-term commitment.

Remote procedure call system based on calling conventions used in Unix and the C programming language.

A deployment option where only one network interface of a device is used to transfer incoming and outgoing traffic.

An automatically generated numeric or alphanumeric string of characters that authenticates the user for a single transaction or session.

At the place where a business or activity happens. Compare to offsite.

A free and open-source cloud computing software platform used to control pools of processing, storage, and networking resources in a datacenter.

Orthogonal sparse bigram transformation. In machine learning, a transformation that aids in text string analysis and that is an alternative to the n-gram transformation. OSB transformations are generated by sliding the window of size n words over the text, and outputting every pair of words that includes the first word in the window.

A dynamic routing protocol. OSPF is a link state protocol that uses Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path tree.

Scanning email messages from local users before any potentially harmful messages can be delivered to others on the Internet.

Microsoft provides OWA as part of Exchange Server to allow users to connect to their email accounts via a web browser, without requiring the installation of Microsoft Outlook.