Glossary

Symmetric-key block cipher used in data encryption that applies the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher algorithm three times to each data block.

Wireless networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase data rates. 

IEEE 802.1Q is a standard for virtual LANs (VLANs) on an Ethernet network that defines VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and frame handling for bridges and switches, and contains provisions for a quality of service prioritization scheme (IEEE 802.1p). It also defines the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol.

A hardware addition to an existing computing device that increases the computer's processing speed and capabilities.

Constrains the flow of traffic by individual IP address or by a range of IP addresses.

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that defines security policies for network users and enables the firewall to perform identity and health checks on clients.

The combination of an access key ID (like AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE) and a secret access key (like JalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY). You use access keys to sign API requests that you make to AWS.

A unique identifier that's associated with a secret access key, the access key ID and secret access key are used together to sign programmatic AWS requests cryptographically.

Component of the Barracuda Network Access Client. Monitoring software, responsible for sending the endpoint health status to the Access Control Service for baselining.

Forwarding rule that determines how clients on a source network access resources on a destination network.

Enables you to configure Microsoft Exchange accounts on a mobile device.

Technique of analyzing request and response traffic to generate customized security profiles for the web application. See also exception profiling. 

Software utility that can be used in conjunction with a device or service; for example, Barracuda Outlook Add-In.

A piece of software that enhances another software application and usually cannot be run independently.

Malicious cyber attacks directed at a specific target, usually over a long period of time. APTs are often run by professional organizations, looking to steal information rather than just money.

Service that analyzes inbound email attachments with most MIME types in a separate, secured cloud environment, detecting new threats and determining whether to block such messages. Formerly known as Advanced Threat Detection, or ATD.

A specification for the encryption of electronic data. 256-bit refers to the key length and is the maximum value.

List of domains, users, or hosts that are allowed access, especially referring to mail and web traffic.

AWS-managed service for deploying, operating, and scaling Elasticsearch in the AWS Cloud.

Amazon's public cloud platform that lets you build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of datacenters.

AWS template that contains configuration, application server, and applications required to launch an EC2 AWS Instance.

Mobile device operating system. Compare to Apple iOS.

Protection against network attacks that combine several different known evasion methods to create a new technique that is delivered over several layers of the network simultaneously. 

Protection against malicious software, used to disrupt computer or mobile operations, gather sensitive information, gain access to private computer systems, or display unwanted advertising.

Protection against attacks that involve obfuscated code. Obfuscation may involve encrypting code, stripping out potentially revealing metadata, renaming useful class and variable names, or adding meaningless code to an application binary. 

Antivirus software, abbreviated: AV. Used to prevent, detect and remove malicious software.

 A set of tools and procedures provided by the programmer of an application so that other programmers can control, exchange data with, or extend the functionality of an application.

Access Point Name provided by an ISP for wireless WAN connections.

Access rule that rewrites the destination IP address and forwards the traffic to a service running on a local IP address of the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall.

Apple mobile operating system for devices such as iPhone and iPad. Compare to Android.

Device or piece of equipment.

Enables you to control application traffic, including sub-applications, such as chat function and picture uploading.

Layer 7 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides services to application processes (such as electronic mail, file transfer, and terminal emulation) that are outside of the OSI model.

AWS feature that makes routing decisions at the application layer (HTTP/S), supports path-based routing, and can route requests to one or more ports on each EC2 instance or container instance in a VPC.

Firewall object that references lists of applications. Can be applied to an application rule on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall.

Firewall rule that allows you to block or throttle traffic for detected applications.

Considering and inspecting application traffic. The Barracuda NextGen Firewall is an application-aware network firewall.

When configured, the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall routes traffic through the provider link that is defined in the connection object.

Protocol for mapping IP addresses to physical addresses such as Ethernet or Token Ring.

Type of attack in which a malicious actor sends falsified ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) messages over a local area network. This results in the linking of an attacker's MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate computer or server on the network.

Referring to a standard 7-bit character system that includes the alphanumeric characters and printer control codes.

A broadband transmission system using 53-octet packets over a cell-switched network at speeds up to 2.2 GBPS.

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that is used for central audit log file collection.

Application used to automate Offline Firewall Authentication on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall.

Name server that gives answers in response to queries about names in a DNS zone.

Associated with DNS. A section of the domain-name tree for which one name server is the authority.

A web service designed to launch or terminate AWS instances automatically based on user-defined policies, schedules, and health checks.

A representation of multiple EC2 instances that share similar characteristics, and that are treated as a logical grouping for the purposes of instance scaling and management.

Collection of networks under a common administration sharing a common routing strategy. Autonomous systems are subdivided by areas. An autonomous system must be assigned a unique 16-bit number by the IANA. 

A distinct location within an AWS region that is insulated from failures in other Availability Zones, and provides inexpensive, low-latency network connectivity to other Availability Zones in the same region.

Virus scanning engine used by the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. Avira is integrated in the Virus Scanner service.

A web service for provisioning, managing, and deploying Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates for use with AWS services.

Enables you to use the Internet privately through AWS cloud services by linking your internal network to an AWS Direct Connect location. You can create virtual interfaces directly to the AWS cloud and to Amazon VPC, bypassing Internet service providers in your network path.

A managed cloud platform that lets connected devices easily and securely interact with cloud applications and other devices.

A named set of AWS resources in the same geographical area. A region comprises at least two Availability Zones.

Routing table used in AWS subnets, that can be modified, for example, to use an Internet gateway as the target for the default route.

A simple and intuitive web-based user interface to access and manage AWS.

Microsoft's public cloud platform that lets you build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of datacenters.

A set of modules that provide cmdlets to manage Azure with Windows PowerShell. 

Azure deployment mode that enables you to work with the resources in your solution as a group. Recommended for new deployments.

Allows you to create network routes for traffic between subnets and to the Internet.

Feature that helps to prevent, detect, and respond to threats with increased visibility of Azure resources, and provides security monitoring and policy management.

Classic deployment mode used in legacy Azure deployments. ASM offers a web interface and PowerShell for deployments. 

Microsoft Azure resource group that may contain storage accounts for OS disks, source images, and all other data an application requires. 

Part of the back-end process, that usually consists of server, application, and database. The back end is where the technical processes happen, as opposed to the front end, which is usually where the user's interaction occurs.

Referring to the Internet, a central network that provides a pathway for other networks to communicate.

Operating mode for Ethernet bundles where the link is chosen by calculating the hash out of the source/destination MAC (Layer 2) combined with the IP addresses (Level 3).

Rate of data transfer, usually expressed in multiples of bits per second (bps).

Versions of Barracuda Backup can be purchased as an annual service that includes an appliance, Energize Updates, Instant Replacement, and Unlimited Cloud storage.

Online documentation and training material for all Barracuda Networks products, located at campus.barracuda.com. Contains feature descriptions, how-to articles, and release notes. Formerly known as Barracuda University and Barracuda TechLibrary.

Provides a wide range of statistics, threat information, and a number of useful services to help manage and secure your network. Shares information with Barracuda Networks customers and the Internet security community. 

A complementary component of all Barracuda Networks products, providing an added layer of protection and scalability.

A comprehensive cloud-based service that enables administrators to monitor and configure multiple Barracuda Networks products from a single console.

Enterprise-grade, cloud-generation firewall, purpose-built for efficient deployment and operation within dispersed, highly dynamic, and security-critical network environments.The product was formerly known as Barracuda NextGen Firewall or Barracuda NG Firewall and in Q1 2018 got renamed to CloudGen Firewall to emphasize its abilities to protect cloud and dispersed networks.

Enables Internet of Things (IoT) devices and micro-networks to connect to the corporate datacenter via Secure Access Concentrators (FSACs).

Barracuda CloudGen Firewall feature that provides a visual representation of the status of VPN site-to-site tunnels around the world. Information is retrieved from the Control Center.

Application used to administer Barracuda CloudGen Firewalls and Barracuda Firewall Control Centers. 

Central administration appliance designed to manage a large number of Barracuda CloudGen Firewalls. 

An encrypted email message service for the Barracuda Email Security Gateway and the Barracuda Email Security Service.

The Barracuda Network Access Client integrates with the Access Control Service of the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall and lets you configure access policies and rules depending on various criteria such as identity and client health state.

Credentialed account used to log into Barracuda Services and Barracuda Appliance Control.

Contact Barracuda Networks Technical Support if you need help with your Barracuda Networks product. Visit https://www.barracuda.com/support/index for details.

Application-aware network firewall appliance, designed for organizations without dedicated IT personnel to manage firewalls.

Web Security Gateway engine used by the URL Filter service on the Barracuda NextGen Firewall F-Series. The Barracuda NG Web Security Filter can only be used in combination with the HTTP proxy and is not compatible with Application Control. Requires a Barracuda NG Web Security Gateway subscription.

Entry point into Barracuda cloud services.

A database maintained by Barracuda Central and includes a list of IP addresses of known, good senders as well as known spammers, or IP addresses with a poor reputation.

Database of IP addresses manually verified to be noted sources of spam.

Allows remote users to establish VPN connections via a web browser. With its mobile and desktop portals, the Barracuda SSL VPN provides seamless service without having to install and configure a fully blown VPN client. SSL VPN is also available on the Barracuda Firewall and NG Firewall.

Component of the Barracuda Network Access Client, available for Windows, Linux and macOS. VPN client that secures mobile desktops connecting to the corporate LAN through the Internet.

A tamper-proof client that can be installed on remote, off-network laptops or desktops to help implement a consistent web security policy across localized and distributed workforces.

A statistical procedure that estimates parameters of an underlying distribution based on the observed distribution.

BGP peers that are established by manual configuration between routers to create a TCP session on port 179. 

Method of storing or transmitting data in which the most significant bit or byte is presented first. Compare with little-endian.

The standard TCP/IP naming service that links network names with IP addresses.

Storage device that moves data in sequences of bytes or bits (blocks). Example: hard disk, CD-ROM drive, flash drive.

Defines the block devices (instance store volumes and EBS volumes) to attach to an AWS instance. 

List of domains, users, or hosts that are denied access, especially refers to mail and web traffic. Sometimes known as blacklist. Compare to allow list or whitelist.

Licence-free symmetric encryption algorithm that can be used as a replacement for the DES and IDEA algorithms.

Allows searchers to combine words and phrases using the words AND, OR, NOT (known as Boolean operators) to limit, broaden, or define a search.

Loader for the operating system. A program that runs after completion of the self tests in the hard boot process, then loads and runs the software.

Router that communicates with routers in other autonomous systems.

A standardized dynamic routing protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems on the Internet.

When a BGP link fails, the CloudGen firewall can fast re-route traffic to the intended router via another linked next-hop router.

A network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners’ knowledge, for example, to send spam messages. The word botnet is a combination of the words “robot” and “network”.

An operating level of the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. Services run on the box layer.

A configurable operating instance of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

The action taken by network equipment to create an aggregate network from either two or more communication networks, or two or more network segments. Bridging is distinct from routing, which allows multiple different networks to communicate independently while remaining separate.

Protection against a brute-force attack, which consists of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This type of attack uses a large number of attempts to gain access to a system.

The practice of allowing employees or members of an organization to use their own computers, phones, or other devices for work.

Data deduplication method that analyzes data streams at the byte level by performing a byte-by-byte comparison of new data streams versus previously stored ones.

Forwarding DNS service (BDNS) on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that acts as a DNS proxy to speed up DNS queries.

Licence-free symmetric encryption algorithm (key block cipher).

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that specifies the number of days to delete access cache entries generated by activities traversing the Access Control Server.

Box-level service on the Barracuda CloudGen Control Center that allows remote configuration of both the Control Center and managed Barracuda CloudGen Firewalls.

Box-level service of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that specifies DNS zones such as hosts, domains, and mail-exchangers.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that processes events generated by the managed CloudGen Firewalls.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center. The CC Firewall service has the same features as the firewall service on a CloudGen Firewall, except for Virus Scanning, URL Filtering, and ATD.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that receives structured firewall data from managed CloudGen Firewalls and stores the firewall audit information in a relational database installed on the Control Center. 

Box-level service on the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that is used for handling certificates.

Box-level service on the Barracuda CloudGen Control Center that collects raw data from the managed CloudGen Firewalls and processes it according to specified transfer settings.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that collects raw data from the managed CloudGen Firewalls and processes it according to specified transfer settings.

Box-level service of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center, used for syslog streaming.

Box-level service of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that listens for and processes incoming log messages from managed boxes.

Box-level service on the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that is responsible for tunnel termination and tunnel handling.

Displays firewall data on the FWAUDIT tab of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

Allows administrators to configure multiple units from a centralized location. For example, configuring multiple Barracuda CloudGen Firewall units from the Barracuda Firewall Control Center.

A document or seal certifying the authenticity of something. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key. This allows relying parties to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key.

In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates.

Log of configuration changes on the appliance. Can be found in the release notes of the product.

The result of a mathematical operation that uses the binary representation of a group of data as its basis, usually to check the integrity of the data.

Technique supported by BGP4 and based on route aggregation. CIDR allows routers to group routes together in order to cut down on the quantity of routing information carried by the core routers. 

Standard for sharing files across the Internet.

Enacted by US Congress in 2000 to address concerns about children's access to obscene or harmful content over the Internet.

Virus scanning engine that is used by the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall F-Series. ClamAV is integrated in the Virus Scanner service.

Classes of IP addresses as defined in the Internet Protocol hierarchy.

In AWS, a Classic Load Balancer makes routing decisions at either the transport layer (TCP/SSL) or the application layer (HTTP/HTTPS), and supports either EC2-Classic or a VPC (virtual private cloud).

Enables an encrypted connection to an organization'’s network from any desktop or mobile device. Contrast with site-to-site VPN.

A search engine optimization (SEO) technique in which the content presented to the search engine spider is different from that presented to the user’'s browser.

AWS cloud integration allows the firewall to connect directly to the AWS service fabric to rewrite routes in AWS route tables and to retrieve information for the cloud element on the dashboard. Cloud integration also works with Azure.

A computer operating system that is specially designed to run in a provider's datacenter and be delivered to the user over the Internet or another network. Windows Azure is an example of a cloud operating system or 'cloud layer' that runs on Windows Server 2008.

The ability to move applications and data from one cloud provider to another. This is the opposite of "vendor lock-in".

A model of data storage where the digital data is stored in logical pools, the physical storage spans multiple servers (and often locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a hosting company.

A service offered by cloud storage providers whereby data is transformed using encryption algorithms and is then placed on a storage cloud.

Integrated network platform that combines a traditional firewall with other network device filtering functionalities, such as an application firewall using in-line deep packet inspection (DPI), an intrusion prevention system (IPS). Other techniques might also be employed.

AWS management tool that lets you create, manage, and update a collection of AWS resources using templates and allowing Json code for template deployment.

Host uploaded content and can be deployed in CloudFormation, an AWS feature.

An AWS content delivery service that helps you improve the performance, reliability, and availability of your websites and applications.

Replacing traditional IT operations with lower-cost, outsourced cloud services.

AWS management tool to monitor resources and applications. Aggregates data and metrics (cpu load, network throughput, disk io, etc), filters it, and provides alarm actions.

Global settings that apply to a cluster on a Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated. Repeaters and hubs propagate collisions. LAN switches, bridges and routers do not.

Text string that acts as a password and is used to authenticate messages sent between a management station and a router containing an SNMP agent. The community string is sent in every packet between the manager and the agent.

Regulatory compliance describes the steps organizations must take to comply with relevant laws and regulations.

A reduction in either the time to transmit or in the amount of bandwidth required to transmit data.

The process of encoding digital information by using fewer bits.

Capability in web servers and web clients to improve transfer speed and bandwidth utilization.

A synonym for a multi-port repeater that may also perform bridging and routing functions.

Feature of the Barracuda NextGen Firewall, allows you to control access to the Internet or other networks by only allowing authenticated users. 

Traffic in excess of network capacity.

AWS feature, lets you scale down EC2 instances to reduce sessions.

A firewall object that can be applied to an access rule on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. A connection object defines the egress interface and source (NAT) IP address for traffic matching the rule.

Configuring your mail gateway to remove certain types of content, like attachments and HTML tags, from email, before sending it to the recipient.

Masks the virtualization environment, so payload can be detonated more effectively.

Configurable schedule for specific commands to be executed once or on a regular basis.

Feature of S3 storage class in AWS. Once enabled, every object uploaded to a particular S3 bucket is automatically replicated to a designated destination bucket located in a different AWS region.

Barracuda remote access client for mobile and desktop devices that provides VPN access and allows administrators to manage dynamic firewall rules.

Main page of many Barracuda Networks product interfaces, providing a summary of the system. Formerly known as the Status tab.

A facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.

Data Theft means the illegal copy of personal information of other individuals or business. The information may be social security number, passwords, credit card information, other personal information, and/or other confidential corporate information. Barracuda WAF helps prevent unintended exposure of such data by matching response body information with pre-defined data theft patterns.

Occurs when data or a data stream is stored in a location too short to hold its entire length. May occur automatically, such as when a long string is written to a smaller buffer, or deliberately, when only a portion of the data is wanted.

Document that summarizes the performance and other technical characteristics of a product, machine, component (e.g., an electronic component), material, a subsystem (e.g., a power supply) or software in sufficient detail to be used by a design engineer to integrate the component into a system.

When configured with Microsoft Active Directory (MSAD) authentication, the Barracuda DC Agent (Domain Controller Agent) allows transparent authentication monitoring with the Barracuda Networks products and Microsoft domain controllers.

Remote procedure call system that allows programmers to write distributed software without having to worry about the underlying network code.

A Distributed Denial of Service is a cyber-attack where the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet, using more than one, often thousands of, unique IP addresses.

An Internet hosting option where an organization leases an entire server, fully dedicated to their use. This is also an option in the public cloud. The price for a Dedicated Host varies by instance family, region, and payment option.

Amazon EC2 instance that runs on single-tenant hardware dedicated to a single customer.

An option you can purchase from a cloud vendor to guarantee that sufficient capacity will be available to launch Dedicated Instances into a virtual private cloud (VPC).

​Method of removing redundancies from data before transmission.

A form of computer network packet filtering that examines the data part (and possibly also the header) of a packet as it passes an inspection point, searching for protocol non-compliance, viruses, spam, intrusions, or defined criteria to decide whether the packet may pass or if it needs to be routed to a different destination.

A physical or logical sub-network that contains and exposes an organization’s external-facing services to a larger and untrusted network, usually the Internet. The purpose of a DMZ is to add an additional layer of security to an organization’s local area network (LAN). An external network node has direct access only to equipment in the DMZ, rather than to any other part of the network.

In AWS CodeDeploy, a set of individually tagged instances, EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups, or both.

Changing the destination address/port in the IP header of a packet. Example: redirecting incoming packets with a destination of a public address/port to a private IP address/port inside the network.

The standalone form of the high availability (HA) cluster, that does not use the NextGen Control Center.

Allows passing DHCP broadcast messages to network segments a client computer is not directly attached to.

The DHCP service on the CloudGen Firewall automatically assigns IP addresses to clients that reside in a defined subnet.

Key exchange algorithm that allows two devices to establish a shared secret over an unsecure network.

A mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document.

An option associated with a destination server that allows for increased outbound traffic throughput when performing sustained uploads, such as streamed audio or visual media.

Involves a set of policies and procedures to enable the recovery or continuation of vital technology infrastructure and systems following a natural or human-induced disaster.

A distribution form of Linux. For example, Red Hat and SuSe.

Distributed database that translates domain names, like www.example.com, into unique IP address.

A temporary database, maintained by a computer's operating system, that contains records of all recent visits and attempted visits to websites and other Internet domains.

Allows redirection or blocking of DNS queries for specific domains. In the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall, this is achieved by applying policies. When creating a policy, you can also specify allowing (whitelisting) certain domains.

Database record used to map a URL to an IP address.

The collection of DNS records in a zone that have the same name and are of the same type. Also known as a resource record set.

Filtering mail traffic based on a DNS reputation database. Used by the Spam Filter service (blacklist, DNSBL).

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall F-Series that makes the firewall an authoritative DNS server, returning definitive answers to DNS queries about domain names specified in its configuration.

A DNS server that gives out false information, to prevent the use of a domain name. Also known as a black hole DNS.

Portion or administrative space within the global Domain Name System (DNS). Each DNS zone represents a boundary of authority, subject to management by certain entities. The total of all DNS zones are organized in a hierarchical, tree-like order of cascading lower-level domains and form the DNS namespace.

Open-source software that automates the deployment of applications inside virtualized software containers.

A layered file system template that is the basis of a Docker container. Docker images can comprise specific operating systems or applications.

Email authentication method designed to detect email spoofing.

A  cyber-attack where the perpetrator seeks to make a computer or network resource unavailable to users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of Service attacks are typically accomplished by flooding the target with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent legitimate requests from being fulfilled. See also Distributed Denial of Service or DDoS.

Access rule that redirects traffic sent to an external IP address to a destination in the internal network.

A forwarding acces rule with a time schedule.

A central firewall acts as VPN hub. Remote units are connected by a static tunnel. When relay traffic from a remote firewall to another remote NextGen Firewall is detected by the hub, a dynamic VPN tunnel is imitated between the two remote firewalls. 

Term used in context with Traffic Intelligence (TI). Using dynamic path selection, the session is balanced depending on the amount of traffic.

Routing that adjusts automatically to network topology or traffic changes. Also called adaptive routing.

Protocol used for dynamic routing. The Barracuda CloudGen Firewall provides dynamic routing support for OSPF, RIP, and BGP.

A fully managed Amazon NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability.

Forms a central part of AWS by allowing users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications.

Used by the AWS service CloudFront. Feature that offers content to end users via geographically closer locations to improve their experience.

Internet protocol for exchanging routing information between autonomous systems. 

A web service for deploying and managing applications in the AWS cloud without worrying about the infrastructure that runs those applications.

The ability to dynamically provision and deprovision computing and storage resources to stretch to the demands of peak usage, without the need to worry about capacity planning and engineering around uneven usage patterns.

AWS web service that improves an application's availability by distributing incoming traffic between two or more EC2 instances.

An open-source, real-time, distributed search and analytics engine used for full-text search, structured search, and analytics. Elasticsearch was developed by the Elastic company.

Encrypting email messages to prevent their content by being read by anyone other than the intended recipient.

Placing one protocol inside of another. 

To convert information or data into a cipher or code, especially to prevent unauthorized access. Antonym: unencrypt. 

Provides Barracuda Networks products with protection from the latest Internet threats. These updates are sent out hourly, or more frequently if needed, to ensure that appliances always have the latest and most comprehensive protection. Barracuda Energize Updates subscriptions must be purchased with any Barracuda Networks appliance. Includes basic support, firmware maintenance, security updates, and early release firmware.

A networking system that allows communication and resource sharing among all of a company's business functions and workers.

The use of a master key and a data key to algorithmically protect data. The master key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data key and the data key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data itself.

Local area network technology that uses special twisted pair or fiber optical cables. As per the OSI model, Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer.

Ethernet bundles combine multiple physical ports to a single virtual link to increase the physical bandwidth available for the connection.

Contract between the Barracuda and the purchaser, establishing the purchaser's right to use Barracuda software.

Bypassing an information security device in order to deliver an exploit, attack, or other form of malware to a target network or system, without detection.

The use of software, data, or commands to 'exploit' a weakness in a computer system or program to carry out some form of malicious intent, such as a denial-of-service attack, Trojan horses, worms, or viruses.

Lists of IP addresses from which potential spam originates.

A result that indicates a given condition is present, when it is not.

A named collection that represents specific networks, services, applications, user groups, or connections for reference in access rules on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. 

Model version of a Barracuda Networks product.

A Denial of Service (DoS) attack that is designed to bring a network or service down by flooding it with large amounts of traffic.

AWS service that enables you to capture information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in a VPC.

Techniques of examining digital media with the aim of identifying, preserving, recovering, analyzing, and presenting facts and opinions about the digital information.

Forward lookup zones support the primary function of Domain Name System (DNS), that is, the resolution of host names to IP addresses.

An intermediary for requests from clients under an administrator's control to areas that are not under the administrator's control. Sometimes called "proxy" without the word "forward".

Configurable firewall service of the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. The Forwarding Firewall service can be added to every virtual server.

The Fully Qualified Domain Name includes host name, as well as all enclosing domains, and is often distinguished by the use of a terminating dot: (host.subdomain.domain.).

The front end is responsible for collecting input in various forms from the user.

The front-end server is an extension of the back-end server and is designed to provide scalability.

The Secure Access Concentrator (FSAC) device is a Barracuda NextGen FSC-Series feature that forwards management traffic from Secure Connectors (FSACs) to a NextGen Control Center.

A Secure Connector (FSC) device is a Barracuda CloudGen FSC-Series feature that connects to a regional Secure Access Concentrator (FSAC) via TINA VPN, that then forwards management traffic to a Firewall Control Center.

A firewall service on tha Barracuda CloudGen Firewall FSC-Series that allows you to create rules defining access, source, and destination NAT based on network zones defined for Secure Connectors (FSCs).

Standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server on a computer network.

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that provides access to an FTP server, handles FTP traffic, and lets the administrator define user-specific profiles with permissions and restrictions for FTP access.

Allows the proxy to control FTP traffic. When a client uploads or downloads files, the proxy identifies the traffic as FTP, allowing the appliance to control file transfers using TCP optimization and caching.

Extension to FTP that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) cryptographic protocols.

A communication system between two entities in which either entity can transmit simultaneously. Compare to half duplex.

Next-hop route to a network that cannot be directly accessed. Example: default route (0.0.0.0/0), that forwards packets not belonging to a the directly attached network to the remote gateway provided by the ISP. 

A gigabit, or 10^9 bits.

A gigabyte, or 10^9 bytes, or 8000 million bits.

With generic forwarding, requests from networks are forwarded without any firewall intervention even if the firewall is switched off.

A unit of frequency equal to 10^9 hertz, which is defined as one cycle per second.

Integration of Google Accounts, for example in authentication processes.

A service that enables developers to create and run web applications on Google's infrastructure and share their applications via a pay-as-you-go, consumption-based plan with no setup costs or recurring fees.

Selecting specific sets of data to back up and configure multiple schedules for each data source, each with a different set of selected data.

Generic Routing Encapsulation is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco that can encapsulate a wide variety of protocol packet types inside IP tunnels, creating a virtual point-to-point link to Cisco routers at remote points over an IP internetwork. 

A collection of settings that define what a system will look like and how it will behave for a defined group of users.

The Barracuda CloudGen Firewall VPN Graphical Tunnel Interface (GTI) Editor displays VPN site-to-site tunnels on a graphical interface.

Feature that lets you set up a confirmation page or ticketing system to temporarily grant guests access to the network.

Standard that defines the protocols to provide audio-visual communication sessions on any packet network. H.323 addresses call signaling and control, multimedia transport and control, and bandwidth control for point-to-point and multi-point conferences.

A communication system between two entities in which data transmission occurs in only one direction at a time between a sending station and a receiving station. Compare to full duplex.

Barracuda program that allows existing appliance customers with an active Energize Updates subscription to migrate to the latest hardware platforms at a reduced price -- ensuring customers benefit from the latest hardware improvements and firmware capabilities.

Deployment method that ensures that the services running on the system are always available even if one system is down due to maintenance or a hardware fault.

A specific construction for calculating a message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function in combination with a secret key. 

A unit of measure used to express the number or routers that a packet must pass through its way to its destination.

The firewall service responsible for governing traffic to and from local services running on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall F-Series and Barracuda Firewall Control Center. 

A collection of resource record sets that Amazon Route 53 hosts. Like a traditional DNS zone file, a hosted zone represents a collection of records that are managed together under a single domain name.

Label assigned to a device connected to a computer network. Used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication.

Network objects on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall where the IP addresses are determined by DNS resolution.

Protocol for submitting data over a network, commonly used to load website content in a web browser.

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that acts as an intermediary for HTTP and HTTPS requests from network clients. The HTTP Proxy can cache and scan web traffic.

HTTP header field that identifies the address of the webpage (i.e., the URI or IRI) that links to the resource being requested. (Originally a misspelling of referrer.) 

Consists of communication over HTTP within a connection encrypted by TLS or SSL. The main motivation is authentication of the visited website and protection of the privacy and integrity of the exchanged data.

Network architecture that uses a central connecting point.

Hardware Virtual Machine (HVM) virtualization allows the guest VM to run as though it is on a native hardware platform, except that it still uses paravirtual (PV) network and storage drivers for improved performance.

The combination of a public cloud provider (such as AWS) with a private cloud platform. The public and private cloud infrastructures operate independently of each other, and integrate using software and processes that allow for the portability of data and applications.

Internetwork made up of more than one type of network technology, including LANs and WANs.

Native Hypervisor on Windows, created by Microsoft.

Computer software, firmware, or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called a "host machine". Each virtual machine is called a "guest machine".

Cloud infrastructure services in which a virtualized environment is delivered as a service by the cloud provider.

The Identity and Access Management feature of cloud services (like AWS)  that lets you control who can use the provider's services and resources (authentication) and what resources they can use in which ways (authorization).

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority organization delegates authority for IP address-space allocation and domain-name assignment to the NIC and other organizations and maintains a database of assigned protocol identifiers used in the TCP/IP stack, including autonomous system numbers.

Internet protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system. Examples of common Internet IGPs include IGRP, OSPF, and RIP.

Internet Key Exchange protocol, used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite.

Infrastructure is the backbone of all of your business operations.

Authentication method that intercepts unauthorized users HTTP or HTTPS connections and redirects them to a login page, for example, on the Barracuda NextGen Firewall. After successful authentication the user is forwarded to the original destination.

A "copy" of a virtual appliance/image/machine that is being installed, brought up, configured, etc. In the context of an AWS deployment, a virtual product (for example, a Barracuda CloudGen Firewall) that runs on Amazon Web Services (AWS).

With an Instant Replacement subscription, if your Barracuda Networks product fails, we will ship you a replacement unit within one business day so you can get back up and running soon. Instant Replacement subscriptions also work toward getting updated hardware through the Hardware Refresh program.

Network security feature that monitors local and forwarding firewall traffic for malicious activities.

Configurable network security feature that monitors local and forwarding firewall traffic for malicious activities.

Performance measurement of input/output operations per second, used to characterize computer storage devices like hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD), and storage area networks (SAN).

Devices that can now intercommunicate with each other and the Internet.

A numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

Standard for exchange of network monitoring information. Feature that enables the Barracuda NextGen Firewall to stream log data to IPFIX collectors. 

A framework of open standards for protecting communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.

The fourth and sixth versions, respectively, of the Internet Protocol (IP). Following are examples of notation for each type of address:IPv4    192.0.2.235IPv6    2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

Routing node in an OSI network.

Protocol defined by RFC 2408 for establishing Security Associations (SA) and cryptographic keys in an Internet environment. It is part of IKE.

Communication protocol offered by telephone companies that permits telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other source traffic.

Organization that provides access to the Internet.

Measure of the difference in packet delay, that is, the difference in the space between packet arrival times. Jitter can be remedied somewhat with a jitter buffer.

An open, text-based data exchange format (like XML), that is human-readable and platform-independent. Data formatted according to the JSON standard is lightweight and can be parsed by JavaScript implementations.

A kilobit.

A network authentication protocol, designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. Available for free from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also available in commercial products.

A virtualization infrastructure for the Linux kernel that turns it into a hypervisor. KVM requires a processor with hardware virtualization extension.

A network protocol that supports tunneling of layer 2 frames between two networks over the Internet.

Delay in transmission time that occurs while information remains in a device's buffered memory (such as a bridge or router) before it can be sent along its path.

AWS template that an Auto Scaling group uses to launch EC2 instances. Contains AMI, instance type, key pair, security groups, and block device mapping.

The transport layer from the ISO/OSI model, which provides end-to-end or host-to-host communication services for applications within a layered architecture of network components and protocols.

A legacy feature of the Barracuda NG Firewall. Barracuda Networks recommends using the new Application Control in Barracuda NextGen Firewall instead.

Application protocol used to manage and access the distributed directory information service.

Connection protocol used between application and Network Directory or Domain Controller. LDAPS communication is encrypted and secure.

Latest maintenance release for the previous major firmware version.

A universal lossless data compression algorithm

Operating mode for Ethernet bundles that uses the LACPDU protocol to negotiate automatic bundling links.

Dynamically balancing traffic across multiple Internet Service Provider (ISP) links to ensure Internet continuity and availability, even during ISP outages.

A routing protocol that takes link loading and bandwidth when selecting between alternate routes. Example: OSPF.

Method of storing or transmitting data in which the least significant bit or byte is presented first. Compare with big-endian.

Built-in user database for local authentication on the firewall.

Bridge that directly interconnects networks in the same geographic area.

Broadcast packet used by link-state protocols that contains information about neighbors and path costs. Used by the receiving routers to maintain their routing tables.

Macintosh Operating System. Formerly known as Mac OS X.

Barracuda CloudGen Firewall service that lets you set up a secure mail gateway. Provides antivirus integration, POP3 scanning, content stripping, grey listing, and blocklists, and generates log files.

A server that receives, stores, sends, and processes emails.

An Internet site that attempts to install malware onto your device, usually to steal your personal information or to disrupt the operation of your system.

A programming library for Windows developers that provides messaging services to their applications.

Modifying the source IP address and port of a packet (Source NAT) to be the primary IP address assigned to an outgoing interface with a dynamic address (DHCP).

A megabit.

A unit of measure used to describe the rate of data transmission equal to one millions bits per second.

A network topology in which each node relays data for the network. All mesh nodes cooperate in the distribution of data in the network.

A unit of frequency equal to 10^6 hertz, which is defined as one cycle per second. 

A database used for managing the entities in a communication network. Often associated with SNMP.

Microsoft's cloud computing platform. Barracuda Networks was the first Microsoft Azure Certified Security Solution Provider, with a product line that includes the Barracuda Web Application Firewall, CloudGen Firewall, Message Archiver, and Email Security Gateway.

Microsoft Exchange Server is a calendaring and mail server that runs exclusively on the Microsoft Windows Server product line. A hosted version of Exchange Server is available as part of Office 365

Microsoft's software plus services model that offers Microsoft Office on a subscription-based pricing model, with cloud storage abilities.

A web application platform in the Microsoft Office server suite, mainly used for document management and storage. 

Two-part identifier for file formats and format contents transmitted over the Internet.

Measure representing the overall quality of a system or stimulus, calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of individual values of quality. Often used for, but not limited to, video, audio and audiovisual quality.

A packet-forwarding method for high performance networks. Directs data between network nodes based on short path labels, instead of long addresses.

Protocol used to authenticate VPN clients over L2TP/PPTP or to authenticate HTTP Proxy users.

Software that transports email messages from one computer to another by using a client-server architecture.

A specification in a data link protocol that defines the maximum number of bytes that can be carried in any one packet on that link.

Single packets copied by the network and sent to a specific subset of network addresses. These addresses are specified in the destination address field.

Switch that filters and forwards packets based on MAC addresses and network addresses. A subset of LAN switch.

Scheme that allows multiple logical signals to be transmitted simultaneously across a single physical channel.

The existence of multiple clients sharing resources (services or applications) on distinct physical hardware. Due to the on-demand nature of cloud, most services are multitenant.

Resource record in DNS that specifies a mail server responsible for accepting email messages for a recipient’s domain. Includes a preference value to prioritize mail delivery when there are multiple mail servers.

Two separate congestion control algorithms that can be used in TCP-based networks. One algorithm reduces the sending window. the other limits small datagrams.

Server connected to a network that resolves network names into network addresses.

The process of modifying IP address information in IP packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device. The simplest type of NAT provides a one to one translation of IP addresses.

A NAT device, managed by AWS, that performs network address translation in a private subnet, to secure inbound Internet traffic. A NAT gateway uses both NAT and port address translation.

A NAT device, configured by a user, that performs network address translation in a VPC public subnet to secure inbound Internet traffic.

A computer networking methodology with the goal to establish and maintain Internet protocol connections across gateways that implement network address translation (NAT). NAT breaks the principle of end-to-end connectivity originally envisioned in the design of the Internet.

Locally installed application that has been developed for use on a particular platform or device.

In OSPF, two routers that have interfaces to a common network. On multiaccess networks, neighbors are dynamically discovered by the OSPF Hello protocol.

API used by applications on an IBM LAN to request services from lower-level network processes. These services might include session establishment and termination, and information transfer.

Barracuda Networks product that integrates with the Access Control Service and lets you configure access policies and rules depending identity and client health state. The NAC Client consists of Barracuda Personal Firewall, Barracuda Access Monitor, and Barracuda VPN Client.

Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems. The network layer is the layer at which routing occurs.

A firewall object on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that references networks, IP addresses, hostnames, or interfaces. Network objects can be applied to access rules. 

Networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.

Software that provides system administrators remote access to F-Series Firewalls and Control Centers through their iOS device. 

Mobile portal in NextGen Firewall that provides access web resources for mobile devices. (Barracuda SSL VPN is a separate product.)

Unix and Linux operating system network file sharing system. 

A central administration appliance designed to manage a large number of Barracuda NG Firewalls.

Resource-intensive OSPF area that carries a default route, static routes, intra-area routes, interarea routes, and external routes. The only OSPF areas that can have virtual links configured across them and that can contain an ASBR.

Nonrelational database systems that are highly available, scalable, and optimized for high performance. Instead of the relational model, NoSQL databases (like Amazon DynamoDB) use alternate models for data management, such as key–value pairs or document storage.

A network administration command-line tool available for many computer operating systems for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record.

A suite of Microsoft security protocols that provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality to users.

Form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material.

Authentication method with an internal IP address as destination. Offline Authentication Works with all protocols (for example, POP3).

Refers to a location other than the subject site. Example: Barracuda Cloud Storage subscription plans provide diverse offsite storage that scales to meet your changing data requirements.

An Amazon EC2 pricing option that charges you for compute capacity by the hour with no long-term commitment.

Remote procedure call system based on calling conventions used in Unix and the C programming language.

A deployment option where only one network interface of a device is used to transfer incoming and outgoing traffic.

An automatically generated numeric or alphanumeric string of characters that authenticates the user for a single transaction or session.

At the place where a business or activity happens. Compare to offsite.

A free and open-source cloud computing software platform used to control pools of processing, storage, and networking resources in a datacenter.

Orthogonal sparse bigram transformation. In machine learning, a transformation that aids in text string analysis and that is an alternative to the n-gram transformation. OSB transformations are generated by sliding the window of size n words over the text, and outputting every pair of words that includes the first word in the window.

A dynamic routing protocol. OSPF is a link state protocol that uses Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path tree.

Scanning email messages from local users before any potentially harmful messages can be delivered to others on the Internet.

Microsoft provides OWA as part of Exchange Server to allow users to connect to their email accounts via a web browser, without requiring the installation of Microsoft Outlook.

Cloud platform services, where the computing platform (operating system and associated services) is delivered as a service over the Internet by the provider.

A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination over a network.

Part of the processing of TCP IP traffic that consists of fragmenting, sending, and reassembling packets.

Additional, meaningless data adds to a packet to increase its size.

Used to back up and restore configurations for the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall or the Barracuda Firewall Control Center. The PAR file contains all configuration settings. 

Series of characters that must be provided by the user for input to the cryptographic key generation process. Must be no less than eight logical characters and can contain spaces.

Conserves IP addresses by permitting multiple devices on a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address. An extension to network address translation (NAT).

A device to which a computer has a network connection that is relatively symmetrical and where both devices can initiate or respond to a similar set of requests.

A data storage solution where the data remains intact until it is deleted.

Component of the Barracuda Network Access Client. Centrally managed host firewall that can handle up to four different rulesets at once, depending on the policy applicable to user, machine, date, and time

Attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details (and, indirectly, money), often for malicious reasons, by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. See also spear phishing.

Public Instance Level IP address that is assigned directly to a VM and bypasses the Azure Load Balancer. 

Refers to a group of standards, in the format PKCS #n, where n =1 to 15. For example: Certificates can be downloaded in PKCS #12 format, which includes the private key and certificate.

A system for distributing and using public encryption keys, enabling secure data exchange over the Internet.

Logical grouping of AWS instances within a single Availability Zone.

Also called source-based routing, is used when the source IP address of the connection determines, in part or completely, which route is used.

A tool in the IAM AWS Management Console that helps you test and troubleshoot policies so you can see their effects in real-world scenarios.

A means of Media Access Control where a device may only transmit information when it is given permission to transmit by a controller device.

A protocol used to retrieve email from a mail server.

Files created by PuTTY and used for key authentication.

Network protocol for encapsulating PPP (point to point protocol) frames inside Ethernet frames.

A network protocol that is used to establish VPN tunnels.

24/7 support, offered by Barracuda Networks

A software process that accepts a print job from a workstation as if it were a printer and then sends the print job to an actual printer at a later time. 

Services offered over the Internet or over a private internal network to select users. These services are not available to the general public.

Internal IP address that belongs to the address space in a private network.

A VPC subnet whose instances cannot be reached from the Internet.

In this mode, a network device can receive and process all of the packets on its network. Can be used in packet sniffing. 

The number of IP addresses being protected by the gateway.

A firewall object that references protocols. Can be applied to an access rule on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall.

Process of preparing and equipping a network or device to allow it to provide services to its users.

A firewall object with the purpose of letting the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall answer ARP requests on behalf of a remote interface. It can then accept packets and correctly forward packets to the remote host.

A shared secret that was previously shared between two parties using a secure channel before it needs to be used.

Cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet. Examples include Amazon AWS, Google Cloud Platform, and  Microsoft Azure.

Cloud-hosted virtual machines, such as Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services.

Public Domain Name System (DNS) resolution service.

External IP address, assigned to a computing device to allow direct access over the Internet. For example, a web server, email server or any server device directly accessible from the Internet.

A value provided by a designated authority as an encryption key.  Public key cryptography (asymmetric cryptography) uses pairs of keys: public keys that may be distributed widely, and private keys that are known only to the owner.

A subnet whose instances can be reached from the Internet.

Cleaning out inactive or obsolete records or data from the set of active files for archiving or deletion.

Allows guest VMs to run on host systems that do not have special support extensions for full hardware and CPU virtualization. Cannot provide hardware-related features such as enhanced networking or GPU support.

Overall performance of the network, especially as seen by the network users. Includes things such as throughput, availability, and error rate. 

Isolating a file suspected of being infected with a virus to a specific area of a system to prevent it from infecting other files.

Networking protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA or Triple A) management for users who connect and use a network service.

Provides a way of storing the same data in different places (redundantly) on multiple hard disks.

1. Relating to a set range of values.2. Global settings that apply to a range on a Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

List of IP addresses whose owners do not stop the proliferation of spam. The owners often have customers who are associated with creating or relaying the spam. 

A proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection.

AWS term, managed Relational Database Service

The time in which an action is performed.

A combination of characters or character classes and operators that describe text for matching purposes.

Software that allows access to internal applications and data from remote devices. Example: VPN client, CudaLaunch.

Involves sharing information to ensure consistency between sources. By comparison, backups save data unchanged for a long period of time; replicas undergo frequent updates.

Creates customized reports using statistics and logs collected on Barracuda CloudGen Firewalls. Each report can be configured to use multiple appliances, custom or predefined report data templates, and a customizable layout and delivery method. 

A pricing option for EC2 instances that discounts the on-demand usage charge for instances that meet the specified parameters. Customers pay for the entire term of the instance, regardless of how they use it.

IP addresses reserved for special purposes. For example, IP addresses reserved and assigned to Azure cloud services.

Group of entities in Azure, that may contain storage accounts for OS disks, source images, application data, and networking resources.

A type of HTTP-based request interface that generally uses only the GET or POST HTTP method and a query string with parameters. Enables interoperability between a computer system and the Internet.

A software architecture style for building scalable web services. REST gives a coordinated set of constraints to the design of components in a distributed hypermedia system that can lead to a higher performing and more maintainable architecture.An API (Application Programming Interface) is the means by which third parties can write code that interfaces with other code.

Provides remote administration of products including the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall and the Barracuda Web Application Firewall, using JSON-RPC request (get or set variables) corresponding to field values in the configuration database.

Support the secondary function of Domain Name System (DNS) - the resolution of IP addresses to host names.

The HTTP Proxy directs incoming requests from other servers to clients without providing the origin details.

Allows you to view, revert and keep track of configuration changes on the Barracuda Nextgen Control Center.

Protocol used in dynamic routing. RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that employs the hop count as a routing metric.

Barracuda CloudGen Firewall service that allows dynamic routing configuration.

Numbered authorization provided by a merchant, like Barracuda Networks, to permit the return of a product.

Forms of Internet fraud using computer malware to trick users into revealing financial and social account details or paying for bogus products. The apps are rogue, because they do not appear to be malicious.

Gives administrators the ability to assign specific privileges to users and to present the user with only the tools and permissions necessary to perform specific tasks, based on their role within the organization.

A return to a previous state after an installation or configuration failure.

A CA-signed or self-signed public key certificate that identifies the root certificate authority (CA).

Method of traffic balancing among links/interfaces in circular order.

AWS service for DNS-based load balancing that connects user requests to EC2 instances, ELBs, S3 buckets, and Internet applications and provides health checks for monitoring or to route traffic to healthy endpoints.

In AWS, a set of routing rules that controls the traffic leaving any subnet that is associated with the route table. You can associate multiple subnets with a single route table, but a subnet can be associated with only one route table at a time.

Bridging mode where the router acts as a bridge.

Congestion control algorithm designed for fast download times such as user response times, or flow-completion times. 

Used to support RPC based services across the firewall. The RPC tracking modules supervise traffic to and from RPC portmapper(s).

One of the four storage classes in AWS. 99.9& SLA reduced redundancy storage, lower fault tolerance, stored in 1 region.

A hardware token for performing two-factor authentication for a user to a network resource.

A collection of one or more access or application rules.

Object-based, scalable object storage in the AWS cloud.

Software licensing and delivery system in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted.

Feature of Google Search that acts as an automated filter of pornography and potentially offensive content.

An online SaaS company that is best known for delivering customer relationship management (CRM) software to companies over the Internet.

A version of the SAML standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between security domains. SAML 2.0 is an XML-based protocol that uses security tokens containing assertions to pass information about a principal (usually an end user) between a SAML authority (an identity provider) and a SAML consumer (a service provider). SAML 2.0 enables web-based authentication and authorization scenarios including cross-domain single sign-on (SSO), which helps reduce the administrative overhead of distributing multiple authentication tokens to the user.

A security mechanism for separating untested or untrusted programs or code, without risking harm to the host environment.

The suitability of a network system to operate properly and efficiently when configured on a large scale.

Network layer protocol that provides extended routing, flow control, segmentation, connection orientation, and error correction facilities in Signaling System 7 telecommunications networks.

Protocol that supports the secure issuing of certificates to network devices in a scalable manner, using existing technology whenever possible. 

A specification (ANSI X3T9.2) for a short distance Local Area Network (up to 6 meters) using bus topology for up to eight devices. 

A wide area network controlled by software. Control and data are decoupled, simplifying both network hardware and management.

Set of software development tools that allows the creation of applications for a certain software package.

A port on a computing device that is capable of either transmitting or receiving one bit at a time. 

The Barracuda Server Agent is used to proxy traffic for resources located in a network that cannot be reached directly by the Barracuda SSL VPN.

Certificate for a server, signed by a valid, trusted entity, that allows access without further validation.

Certificate for a service, signed by a valid, trusted entity, that allows access without further validation. 

A firewall object that references services on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. Can be applied to an access rule. 

The layer in the OSI 7-Layer Model that is concerned with managing the resources required for the session between two computers.

A secure hash algorithm, or a set of algorithms, developed by the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) and other government and private parties.

Algorithm that reads its input exactly once, in order, without unbounded buffering. Generally requires O(n) time and less than O(n) storage (typically O), where n is the size of the input.

A session and user authentication service that permits a user to use one set of login credentials to access multiple applications. 

Communications protocol for signaling and controlling multimedia communication session such as voice and video calls.

In VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) technology, SIP proxies are elements that route SIP requests to user agent servers and SIP responses to user agent clients. The SIP Proxy service on the Barracuda NextGen Firewall helps establish a VOIP call with an external SIP provider.

Securely connects entire networks to each other, for example, connecting a branch office network to a company headquarters network.

A contractual agreement by which a service provider defines the level of service, responsibilities, priorities, and guarantees regarding availability, performance, and other aspects of the service.

Operates as an application-layer network protocol mainly used for providing shared access to files, printers, and serial ports and miscellaneous communications between nodes on a network.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) solution that adds an extra security layer for a broad range of authentication clients.

Internet standard for electronic mail transmission.

IBM's communications architecture and strategy.

Capture of the state of a system at a particular point in time.

A standard for management of networked devices using a simple request-response data retrieval mechanism. Used for collecting information, along with configuring network devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

The SNMP service is used to remotely monitor the network and system state of a Barracuda NextGen Firewall using a network management system (NMS).

Feature to push notifications to mobile services and trigger actions, in Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Network package format for time synchronization, similar to NTP, only recommended for simple applications.

A nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents for social security purposes.

Changing the source address/port in the IP header of a packet. Example: changing a private IP address/port into a public address/port in the IP header of a packet leaving the network.

Used when the source IP address of the connection determines, either in whole or in part, which route is used.

Unwanted email messages, usually for advertising purposes and usually sent in bulk.

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that detects, filters, and removes spam.

Mail filter that is integrated in the Barracuda NextGen Firewall SPAM Filter service.

An email address that is set up by an anti-spam entity, not for correspondence, but to monitor unsolicited email. 

A protocol enabling the owner of an Internet domain to specify which computers are authorized to send mail with envelope-from addresses from their own domain. 

Putting jobs in a buffer, a special area in memory, or on a disk where a device can access them when the device is ready. Spooling is useful because devices access data at different rates. The buffer provides a waiting station where data can rest while the slower device catches up.

Purchasing option that allows a customer to purchase unused Amazon EC2 computer capacity at a highly-reduced rate.

Software that gathers information about a person or organization without their knowledge.

A standard metalanguage for data base access and management.

Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a fast, reliable, scalable, fully managed message queuing service.

A solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently.

Service on the Barracuda NextGen Firewall that allows regulating SSH connections. 

Standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client - typically a web server and a browser, or a mail server and a mail client.

A digital certificate that is installed on a web server, authenticates the identity of the website, and encrypts the data that is transmitted.

The standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser. This link ensures that all data passed between the web server and browsers remain private and integral.Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the successor to SSL, and is sometimes referred to as "SSL".

SSL Inspection transparently unencrypts, inspects, and and re-encrypts HTTPS traffic. Also has the ability to block a small section of an HTTP site (for example, allowing Google traffic, but blocking Google Play).

Barracuda CloudGen Firewall feature, used to examine HTTP/S traffic.

VPN client that can be installed on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall and then accessed through the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal. (Barracuda SSL VPN is a different product.)

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that manages SSL VPN connections. (Barracuda SSL VPN is a different product.)

Firewall technology that monitors the state of active connections and uses this information to determine which network packets to allow through the firewall.

Route that is explicitly configured and entered into the routing table. Static Routes take precedence over routes chosen by dynamic routing protocols.

Hosting of a static website in Amazon S3. When a bucket is enabled for Static website hosting, all content is accessible to web browsers via the Amazon S3 website endpoint of the bucket.

Procedure that defines how statistic logs are processed and how long they are kept on a system.

Services that collect data from systems and process it according to specified transfer settings.

A secure account that gives you access to services in Microsoft Azure storage.

Data compression technique used in wireless networks.

Method to combine performance and throughput of Amazon EBS volumes to a single logical volume.

OSPF area that carries a default route, intra-area routes, and interarea routes, but does not carry external routes. Virtual links cannot be configured across a stub area, and they cannot contain an ASBR.

Offloading large attachments from a mail server.

Partitioning of an IP address space into several smaller address spaces.

Method for handling of log file messages that are to be transferred to another system for analyzing purposes.

A service for external authentication that provides centralized user and group management and offers extended logging options.

An intrusion into a network cable by a connector.

Improves the TCP stack and brings uniformity to TCP sessions. Mitigates the inherent lack of performance in TCP slow start and general flow control, which can slow data transfers. TFO techniques fill the pipe and reduce latency, resulting in faster transfers and optimal bandwidth use.

The TCP Proxy is placed between browser and web server and filters requests and responses in TCP streams.

Part of the processing of TCP IP traffic that consists of fragmenting, sending, and reassembling packets.

A Transport and Network Layer Protocol, respectively, used for communication in the Internet and often in private networks.

A protocol to access a remote computer system, often a Unix system, over the network. Origin: Teletype Network.

A time-restricted grant of access to certain areas that are usually off-limits, without having to change the usual organization's policy. For example, for a special project on a certain date, teachers can grant temporary access for students to view specific domains or categories of domains that are usually blocked by school policy.

Communications processor that connects asynchronous devices such as terminals, printers, hosts, and modems to any LAN or WAN that uses TCP/IP, X.25, or LAT protocols.

A simplified version of FTP (file tranfer protocol).

The path along which an attack occurs, like a web application, email, or a remote user.

The automatic restricting or slowing down of a process based on one or more limits.

A sub-feature of Guest Access that allows administrators to create voucher codes for access authentication.

A date/time string to mark an occurrence of an event. 

The abbreviation TINA stands for Transport-Independent Network Architecture. It is the Barracuda VPN protocol. The Barracuda VPN protocol. A proprietary extension of the IPsec protocol developed to improve VPN connectivity and availability over the standard IPsec protocol.

The last part of a hostname.

In addition to site-to-site VPN, enables locations to maintain connectivity even if one or more transports are down. See also Dynamic Path Selection.

Feature that is designed to improve the speed and reliability of business-critical applications by prioritizing important traffic.

A WAN optimization technique that allows a certain amount of available bandwidth for mission critical applications and traffic. See also Traffic Shaping.

Traffic shaping prioritizes network resources according to factors such as time of day, application type, and user identity. Used to optimize or guarantee performance, improve latency, and/or increase usable bandwidth for some kinds of network traffic by delaying other kinds.

A central VPC, configured to minimize the number of connections required to connect multiple VPCs and remote networks.

A VPN client that lets you establish transparent network access (Layer 3) to internal company network infrastructures.

Synchronization of all forward packet sessions (inbound and outbound TCP, UDP, ICMP-Echo, and other IP protocols) of the firewall server between two HA partners. 

The HTTP Proxy operates transparently to the clients in the network.

Cryptographic protocol that provides communications security over a computer network.

Enables the Barracuda NextGen Firewall to authenticate users with login information from a Microsoft Terminal Server.

Enable you to create network routes for traffic between subnets and to the Internet.

A third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard.

To decrypt encrypted data. The antonym of encrypt.

Product or system.

Barracuda's database of web sites, with policies set by category. URLs are checked against the database and access granted or denied based on your policies. For example, you can prevent company staff from surfing on Facebook or adult sites during office hours.

A firewall object that can be applied to an application rule on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. Application rules containing this type of object are only processed if the URL categories defined in the object are detected.

URL filtering service on the Barracuda NextGen Firewall F-Series that can use two Web Security Gateway engines.

Software that acts on behalf of the user. For example, an agent might give information about a user's browser and operating system to a web site.

List of keywords used for content negotiation in HTTP, where the origin server selects suitable parameters for a response. Contributes to the information that the client sends to the server.

Security term for traffic monitoring based on username, host, and IP address.

A firewall object that references users and groups. Can be applied to an access or application rule on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. 

The evolution of the traditional firewall into an all-inclusive security product, able to perform multiple security functions within one single system.

A cloud computing environment optimized for use and built around the compliance needs of specialized industries such as healthcare, financial services, and government operations.

Graphical software that enables you to remotely control another computer, independent of platform.

Allows multiple guest virtual machines (VM) to run on a host operating system. Guest VMs can run on one or more levels above the host hardware, depending on the type of virtualization.

Service that is used to prevent, detect, and remove malicious software.

Any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). The physical interface behaves like several interfaces, and the switch behaves like multiple switches.

Method to help identify packets travelling through trunk links. When an Ethernet frame traverses a trunk link, a special VLAN tag is added to the frame and sent across the trunk link. As it arrives at the end of the trunk link, the tag is removed and the frame is sent to the correct access link port according to the switch’s table, so the receiving end is unaware of any VLAN information.

An emulation of a computer system that is based on computer architectures and provides functionality of a physical computer. For example, the Barracuda NextGen Firewall Azure can be deployed as a virtual machine in the Microsoft Azure cloud.

A software company that provides cloud and virtualization software and services, incuding vSphere.

A representation of your own network in the Azure cloud.

In a single Azure region, connecting multiple virtual networks with a high bandwidth, low-latency connection.

A standard for voice communication over IP networks.

An elastic network populated by infrastructure, platform, and application services that share common security and interconnection.

A feature that enables you to create a private connection between your VPC and an another AWS service without requiring access over the Internet, through a NAT instance, a VPN connection, or AWS Direct Connect.

Networking connection between two AWS VPCs that enables you to route traffic between them using private IPv4 addresses. 

An end device, software, or user that is seeking connection, network or data services from a VPN.

An enhanced suite of tools for cloud computing utilizing VMware ESX/ESXi. Includesthe VMWare vCenter server and the vSphere client.

Specifies virtual model of a Barracuda Networks products. For example, Barracuda Web Application Firewall 460 Vx.

A network connecting devices separated by large geographical distances, often joining multiple local access networks (LANs). 

Method to reduce traffic flow across the WAN. Barracuda NextGen Firewalls make use of Lempel-Ziv and Generic Large Dictionary compression to reduce TINA tunnel traffic. 

IP address used to connect your WAN to the Internet. It is shared by all devices in the WAN. 

Communication circuit that joins two or more local area networks (LANs) into a wide area network (WAN).

A phrase used to describe applications, products, and techiques used to manage and accelerate the flow of data across a wide area network (WAN). For example: traffic prioritization, deduplication, data compression, caching, and VPN tunneling.

Term for a second generation of the World Wide Web, focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability.

Client–server software application in which the client (or user interface) runs in a web browser.

Web-based user interface.

A computer system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the web.

Extension of HTTP that enables clients to perform remote web content authoring operations. 

A technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. 

Setting on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that provides access to wireless networks. In earlier versions, Wi-Fi access is configured through a service. 

A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi or related standards. 

Method used by clients to locate the URL of a configuration file, using DHCCP or DNS.

Method to connect to a wireless network. 

Standard for a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to create digital certificates.

A digital document that uses the X.509 public key infrastructure (PKI) standard to verify that a public key belongs to the entity described in the certificate.

An xDSL connection is a tunneled connection using Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) or Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), depending on your ISP. 

Citrix hypervisor that allows to run multiple virtual machines (VMs) on one physical device.

A human-readable data serialization language, commonly used for configuration files.

Vulnerability exploited by hackers before it is known to the vendor.