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Barracuda Load Balancer ADC

Glossary

3DES
  • Also known as: Triple DES

Symmetric-key block cipher used in data encryption that applies the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher algorithm three times to each data block.

802.11n

Wireless networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase data rates. 

802.1q VLAN

IEEE 802.1Q is a standard for virtual LANs (VLANs) on an Ethernet network that defines VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and frame handling for bridges and switches, and contains provisions for a quality of service prioritization scheme (IEEE 802.1p). It also defines the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol.

accelerator

A hardware addition to an existing computing device that increases the computer's processing speed and capabilities.

access rule

Forwarding rule that determines how clients on a source network access resources on a destination network.

add-in

Software utility that can be used in conjunction with a device or service; for example, Barracuda Outlook Add-In.

add-on

A piece of software that enhances another software application and usually cannot be run independently.

Advanced Persistent Threat
  • Also known as: APT

Malicious cyber attacks directed at a specific target, usually over a long period of time. APTs are often run by professional organizations, looking to steal information rather than just money.

Amazon Web Services
  • Also known as: AWS

Amazon's public cloud platform that lets you build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of datacenters.

AMI
  • Also known as: Amazon Machine Image

AWS template that contains configuration, application server, and applications required to launch an EC2 AWS Instance.

Android

Mobile device operating system. Compare to Apple iOS.

anti-evasion

Protection against network attacks that combine several different known evasion methods to create a new technique that is delivered over several layers of the network simultaneously. 

anti-obfuscation

Protection against attacks that involve obfuscated code. Obfuscation may involve encrypting code, stripping out potentially revealing metadata, renaming useful class and variable names, or adding meaningless code to an application binary. 

antivirus

Antivirus software, abbreviated: AV. Used to prevent, detect and remove malicious software.

API
  • Also known as: Application Programming Interface

 A set of tools and procedures provided by the programmer of an application so that other programmers can control, exchange data with, or extend the functionality of an application.

APN
  • Also known as: Access Point Name

Access Point Name provided by an ISP for wireless WAN connections.

Apple iOS

Apple mobile operating system for devices such as iPhone and iPad. Compare to Android.

appliance

Device or piece of equipment.

application layer

Layer 7 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides services to application processes (such as electronic mail, file transfer, and terminal emulation) that are outside of the OSI model.

Application Load Balancer

AWS feature that makes routing decisions at the application layer (HTTP/S), supports path-based routing, and can route requests to one or more ports on each EC2 instance or container instance in a VPC.

ARP
  • Also known as: Address Resolution Protocol

Protocol for mapping IP addresses to physical addresses such as Ethernet or Token Ring.

ARP spoofing
  • Also known as: ARP trashing, spoofing

Type of attack in which a malicious actor sends falsified ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) messages over a local area network. This results in the linking of an attacker's MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate computer or server on the network.

ASCII

Referring to a standard 7-bit character system that includes the alphanumeric characters and printer control codes.

authoritative DNS

Name server that gives answers in response to queries about names in a DNS zone.

authority zone

Associated with DNS. A section of the domain-name tree for which one name server is the authority.

Auto Scaling
  • Also known as: Auto Scale

A web service designed to launch or terminate AWS instances automatically based on user-defined policies, schedules, and health checks.

Auto Scaling Group

A representation of multiple EC2 instances that share similar characteristics, and that are treated as a logical grouping for the purposes of instance scaling and management.

autonomous system
  • Also known as: AS

Collection of networks under a common administration sharing a common routing strategy. Autonomous systems are subdivided by areas. An autonomous system must be assigned a unique 16-bit number by the IANA. 

Availability Zone
  • Also known as: AZ

A distinct location within an AWS region that is insulated from failures in other Availability Zones, and provides inexpensive, low-latency network connectivity to other Availability Zones in the same region.

AWS Direct Connect
  • Also known as: Amazon Web Services

Enables you to use the Internet privately through AWS cloud services by linking your internal network to an AWS Direct Connect location. You can create virtual interfaces directly to the AWS cloud and to Amazon VPC, bypassing Internet service providers in your network path.

AWS IoT
  • Also known as: Amazon Web Services Internet of Things

A managed cloud platform that lets connected devices easily and securely interact with cloud applications and other devices.

AWS region

A named set of AWS resources in the same geographical area. A region comprises at least two Availability Zones.

AWS Management Console

A simple and intuitive web-based user interface to access and manage AWS.

Azure

Microsoft's public cloud platform that lets you build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of datacenters.

back-end server

Part of the back-end process, that usually consists of server, application, and database. The back end is where the technical processes happen, as opposed to the front end, which is usually where the user's interaction occurs.

backbone

Referring to the Internet, a central network that provides a pathway for other networks to communicate.

Balance-XOR

Operating mode for Ethernet bundles where the link is chosen by calculating the hash out of the source/destination MAC (Layer 2) combined with the IP addresses (Level 3).

bandwidth

Rate of data transfer, usually expressed in multiples of bits per second (bps).

Barracuda Campus

Online documentation and training material for all Barracuda Networks products, located at campus.barracuda.com. Contains feature descriptions, how-to articles, and release notes. Formerly known as Barracuda University and Barracuda TechLibrary.

Barracuda Central

Provides a wide range of statistics, threat information, and a number of useful services to help manage and secure your network. Shares information with Barracuda Networks customers and the Internet security community. 

Barracuda cloud

A complementary component of all Barracuda Networks products, providing an added layer of protection and scalability.

Barracuda Load Balancer ADC

Barracuda Networks' unified, high-performance platform that helps organizations achieve their availability, acceleration, application control, and application security objectives. Available either as a hardware appliance or as a virtual appliance on supported hypervisors.

Barracuda Networks account

Credentialed account used to log into Barracuda Services and Barracuda Appliance Control.

Barracuda Networks Technical Support

Contact Barracuda Networks Technical Support if you need help with your Barracuda Networks product. Visit https://www.barracuda.com/support/index for details.

Barracuda NextGen Firewall X-Series

Application-aware network firewall appliance, designed for organizations without dedicated IT personnel to manage firewalls.

Barracuda NG Web Security Gateway (IBM ISS)

Web Security Gateway engine used by the URL Filter service on the Barracuda NextGen Firewall F-Series. The Barracuda NG Web Security Filter can only be used in combination with the HTTP proxy and is not compatible with Application Control. Requires a Barracuda NG Web Security Gateway subscription.

Barracuda portal

Entry point into Barracuda cloud services.

BIND
  • Also known as: Berkeley Internet Name Domain

The standard TCP/IP naming service that links network names with IP addresses.

block device

Storage device that moves data in sequences of bytes or bits (blocks). Example: hard disk, CD-ROM drive, flash drive.

block device mapping

Defines the block devices (instance store volumes and EBS volumes) to attach to an AWS instance. 

Blowfish

Licence-free symmetric encryption algorithm that can be used as a replacement for the DES and IDEA algorithms.

bridging

The action taken by network equipment to create an aggregate network from either two or more communication networks, or two or more network segments. Bridging is distinct from routing, which allows multiple different networks to communicate independently while remaining separate.

brute-force protection
  • Also known as: brute force protection

Protection against a brute-force attack, which consists of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This type of attack uses a large number of attempts to gain access to a system.

bucket
  • Also known as: Amazon Web Services

In AWS, container for objects that can be stored in Amazon S3.

BYOD
  • Also known as: Bring Your Own Device

The practice of allowing employees or members of an organization to use their own computers, phones, or other devices for work.

byte-level data deduplication

Data deduplication method that analyzes data streams at the byte level by performing a byte-by-byte comparison of new data streams versus previously stored ones.

CAST

Licence-free symmetric encryption algorithm (key block cipher).

certificate

A document or seal certifying the authenticity of something. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key. This allows relying parties to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key.

changelog

Log of configuration changes on the appliance. Can be found in the release notes of the product.

checksum

The result of a mathematical operation that uses the binary representation of a group of data as its basis, usually to check the integrity of the data.

Class A|B|C|D network

Classes of IP addresses as defined in the Internet Protocol hierarchy.

classic load balancer

In AWS, a Classic Load Balancer makes routing decisions at either the transport layer (TCP/SSL) or the application layer (HTTP/HTTPS), and supports either EC2-Classic or a VPC (virtual private cloud).

cloaking

A search engine optimization (SEO) technique in which the content presented to the search engine spider is different from that presented to the user’'s browser.

cloud integration

AWS cloud integration allows the firewall to connect directly to the AWS service fabric to rewrite routes in AWS route tables and to retrieve information for the cloud element on the dashboard. Cloud integration also works with Azure.

cloud operating system

A computer operating system that is specially designed to run in a provider's datacenter and be delivered to the user over the Internet or another network. Windows Azure is an example of a cloud operating system or 'cloud layer' that runs on Windows Server 2008.

cloud portability

The ability to move applications and data from one cloud provider to another. This is the opposite of "vendor lock-in".

cloud-based encryption

A service offered by cloud storage providers whereby data is transformed using encryption algorithms and is then placed on a storage cloud.

CloudFormation

AWS management tool that lets you create, manage, and update a collection of AWS resources using templates and allowing Json code for template deployment.

CloudFront

An AWS content delivery service that helps you improve the performance, reliability, and availability of your websites and applications.

cloudsourcing

Replacing traditional IT operations with lower-cost, outsourced cloud services.

CloudWatch

AWS management tool to monitor resources and applications. Aggregates data and metrics (cpu load, network throughput, disk io, etc), filters it, and provides alarm actions.

cluster-specific

Global settings that apply to a cluster on a Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

collision domain

In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated. Repeaters and hubs propagate collisions. LAN switches, bridges and routers do not.

community string

Text string that acts as a password and is used to authenticate messages sent between a management station and a router containing an SNMP agent. The community string is sent in every packet between the manager and the agent.

compression, bandwidth
  • Also known as: bandwidth compression

A reduction in either the time to transmit or in the amount of bandwidth required to transmit data.

compression, data
  • Also known as: data compression

The process of encoding digital information by using fewer bits.

compression, HTTP
  • Also known as: HTTP compression

Capability in web servers and web clients to improve transfer speed and bandwidth utilization.

congestion

Traffic in excess of network capacity.

connection draining
  • Also known as: Amazon Web Services

AWS feature, lets you scale down EC2 instances to reduce sessions.

CPU emulation

Masks the virtualization environment, so payload can be detonated more effectively.

cross region replication

Feature of S3 storage class in AWS. Once enabled, every object uploaded to a particular S3 bucket is automatically replicated to a designated destination bucket located in a different AWS region.

cross-site scripting
  • Also known as: xss, cross site scripting

A type of computer security vulnerability, typically found in web applications, that enables attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by users.

data center

A facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.

data truncation
  • Also known as: truncate

Occurs when data or a data stream is stored in a location too short to hold its entire length. May occur automatically, such as when a long string is written to a smaller buffer, or deliberately, when only a portion of the data is wanted.

datasheet

Document that summarizes the performance and other technical characteristics of a product, machine, component (e.g., an electronic component), material, a subsystem (e.g., a power supply) or software in sufficient detail to be used by a design engineer to integrate the component into a system.

DCE-RPC
  • Also known as: Distributed Computing Environment Remote Procedure Call

Remote procedure call system that allows programmers to write distributed software without having to worry about the underlying network code.

dedicated host

An Internet hosting option where an organization leases an entire server, fully dedicated to their use. This is also an option in the public cloud. The price for a Dedicated Host varies by instance family, region, and payment option.

dedicated instance

Amazon EC2 instance that runs on single-tenant hardware dedicated to a single customer.

dedicated reserved instance

An option you can purchase from a cloud vendor to guarantee that sufficient capacity will be available to launch Dedicated Instances into a virtual private cloud (VPC).

direct server return
  • Also known as: DSR

An option associated with a destination server that allows for increased outbound traffic throughput when performing sustained uploads, such as streamed audio or visual media.

DNS
  • Also known as: Domain Name System

Distributed database that translates domain names, like www.example.com, into unique IP address.

DNS Cache
  • Also known as: DNS resolver cache

A temporary database, maintained by a computer's operating system, that contains records of all recent visits and attempted visits to websites and other Internet domains.

DNS record

Database record used to map a URL to an IP address.

DNS zone

Portion or administrative space within the global Domain Name System (DNS). Each DNS zone represents a boundary of authority, subject to management by certain entities. The total of all DNS zones are organized in a hierarchical, tree-like order of cascading lower-level domains and form the DNS namespace.

Docker

Open-source software that automates the deployment of applications inside virtualized software containers.

Docker image

A layered file system template that is the basis of a Docker container. Docker images can comprise specific operating systems or applications.

DoS attack
  • Also known as: Denial of Service attack, spoofing

A  cyber-attack where the perpetrator seeks to make a computer or network resource unavailable to users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of Service attacks are typically accomplished by flooding the target with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent legitimate requests from being fulfilled. See also Distributed Denial of Service or DDoS.

dynamic path selection

Term used in context with Traffic Intelligence (TI). Using dynamic path selection, the session is balanced depending on the amount of traffic.

dynamic routing

Routing that adjusts automatically to network topology or traffic changes. Also called adaptive routing.

DynamoDB

A fully managed Amazon NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability.

EBS
  • Also known as: Amazon Elastic Block Store

Provides persistent block level storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances in the AWS Cloud. Instances that use Amazon EBS for the root device automatically have an Amazon EBS volume attached.

EC2
  • Also known as: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

Forms a central part of AWS by allowing users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications.

edge location

Used by the AWS service CloudFront. Feature that offers content to end users via geographically closer locations to improve their experience.

EGP
  • Also known as: Exterior Gateway Protocol

Internet protocol for exchanging routing information between autonomous systems. 

Elastic Beanstalk

A web service for deploying and managing applications in the AWS cloud without worrying about the infrastructure that runs those applications.

Elastic IP address

A static public IP address that belongs to an AWS account. Can be associated with an instance to make it accessible from the Internet. The Elastic IP is natted/mapped by AWS to the private IP.

encrypt

To convert information or data into a cipher or code, especially to prevent unauthorized access. Antonym: unencrypt. 

Energize Updates

Provides Barracuda Networks products with protection from the latest Internet threats. These updates are sent out hourly, or more frequently if needed, to ensure that appliances always have the latest and most comprehensive protection. Barracuda Energize Updates subscriptions must be purchased with any Barracuda Networks appliance. Includes basic support, firmware maintenance, security updates, and early release firmware.

envelope encryption

The use of a master key and a data key to algorithmically protect data. The master key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data key and the data key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data itself.

Ethernet

Local area network technology that uses special twisted pair or fiber optical cables. As per the OSI model, Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer.

EULA

Contract between the Barracuda and the purchaser, establishing the purchaser's right to use Barracuda software.

evasion

Bypassing an information security device in order to deliver an exploit, attack, or other form of malware to a target network or system, without detection.

exploit

The use of software, data, or commands to 'exploit' a weakness in a computer system or program to carry out some form of malicious intent, such as a denial-of-service attack, Trojan horses, worms, or viruses.

firmware

Model version of a Barracuda Networks product.

flooding

A Denial of Service (DoS) attack that is designed to bring a network or service down by flooding it with large amounts of traffic.

Flow Logs

AWS service that enables you to capture information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in a VPC.

forensics

Techniques of examining digital media with the aim of identifying, preserving, recovering, analyzing, and presenting facts and opinions about the digital information.

forward proxy

An intermediary for requests from clients under an administrator's control to areas that are not under the administrator's control. Sometimes called "proxy" without the word "forward".

FQDN
  • Also known as: Fully Qualified Domain Name

The Fully Qualified Domain Name includes host name, as well as all enclosing domains, and is often distinguished by the use of a terminating dot: (host.subdomain.domain.).

front end

The front end is responsible for collecting input in various forms from the user.

front-end server

The front-end server is an extension of the back-end server and is designed to provide scalability.

FTP
  • Also known as: File Transfer Protocol

Standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server on a computer network.

FTP proxy

Allows the proxy to control FTP traffic. When a client uploads or downloads files, the proxy identifies the traffic as FTP, allowing the appliance to control file transfers using TCP optimization and caching.

FTPS

Extension to FTP that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) cryptographic protocols.

Gb

A gigabit, or 10^9 bits.

GB 

A gigabyte, or 10^9 bytes, or 8000 million bits.

GHz
  • Also known as: gigahertz

A unit of frequency equal to 10^9 hertz, which is defined as one cycle per second.

Global Server Load Balancing
  • Also known as: GSLB

Distributing traffic among multiple resources in different geographies.

Google Accounts Enforcement

Integration of Google Accounts, for example in authentication processes.

Google App Engine

A service that enables developers to create and run web applications on Google's infrastructure and share their applications via a pay-as-you-go, consumption-based plan with no setup costs or recurring fees.

H.323

Standard that defines the protocols to provide audio-visual communication sessions on any packet network. H.323 addresses call signaling and control, multimedia transport and control, and bandwidth control for point-to-point and multi-point conferences.

hardware refresh

Barracuda program that allows existing appliance customers with an active Energize Updates subscription to migrate to the latest hardware platforms at a reduced price -- ensuring customers benefit from the latest hardware improvements and firmware capabilities.

high availability
  • Also known as: HA

Deployment method that ensures that the services running on the system are always available even if one system is down due to maintenance or a hardware fault.

HTTP
  • Also known as: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Protocol for submitting data over a network, commonly used to load website content in a web browser.

HTTP referer

HTTP header field that identifies the address of the webpage (i.e., the URI or IRI) that links to the resource being requested. (Originally a misspelling of referrer.) 

HTTPS
  • Also known as: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

Consists of communication over HTTP within a connection encrypted by TLS or SSL. The main motivation is authentication of the visited website and protection of the privacy and integrity of the exchanged data.

hypervisor

Computer software, firmware, or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called a "host machine". Each virtual machine is called a "guest machine".

IAM
  • Also known as: Identity and Access Management

The Identity and Access Management feature of cloud services (like AWS)  that lets you control who can use the provider's services and resources (authentication) and what resources they can use in which ways (authorization).

Infrastructure Services

Infrastructure is the backbone of all of your business operations.

instant replacement

With an Instant Replacement subscription, if your Barracuda Networks product fails, we will ship you a replacement unit within one business day so you can get back up and running soon. Instant Replacement subscriptions also work toward getting updated hardware through the Hardware Refresh program.

Intrusion Detection System

Network security feature that monitors local and forwarding firewall traffic for malicious activities.

Intrusion Prevention System
  • Also known as: IPS, IDS, Intrusion Detection System

Configurable network security feature that monitors local and forwarding firewall traffic for malicious activities.

IP address
  • Also known as: Internet Protocol address

A numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

IPv4, IPv6

The fourth and sixth versions, respectively, of the Internet Protocol (IP). Following are examples of notation for each type of address:IPv4    192.0.2.235IPv6    2001:0db8:0000:0042:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

IS
  • Also known as: intermediate system

Routing node in an OSI network.

ISDN
  • Also known as: Integrated Services Digital Network

Communication protocol offered by telephone companies that permits telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other source traffic.

ISP
  • Also known as: Internet Service Provider

Organization that provides access to the Internet.

jitter

Measure of the difference in packet delay, that is, the difference in the space between packet arrival times. Jitter can be remedied somewhat with a jitter buffer.

JSON
  • Also known as: JavaScript Object Notation

An open, text-based data exchange format (like XML), that is human-readable and platform-independent. Data formatted according to the JSON standard is lightweight and can be parsed by JavaScript implementations.

kb

A kilobit.

Kerberos

A network authentication protocol, designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. Available for free from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also available in commercial products.

Launch Configuration

AWS template that an Auto Scaling group uses to launch EC2 instances. Contains AMI, instance type, key pair, security groups, and block device mapping.

layer 4

The transport layer from the ISO/OSI model, which provides end-to-end or host-to-host communication services for applications within a layered architecture of network components and protocols.

Layer 7 Application Control

A legacy feature of the Barracuda NG Firewall. Barracuda Networks recommends using the new Application Control in Barracuda NextGen Firewall instead.

LDAPS
  • Also known as: LDAP over SSL, Secure LDAP

Connection protocol used between application and Network Directory or Domain Controller. LDAPS communication is encrypted and secure.

legacy

Latest maintenance release for the previous major firmware version.

link aggregation
  • Also known as: 802.3ad Link Aggregation, LAG

Operating mode for Ethernet bundles that uses the LACPDU protocol to negotiate automatic bundling links.

link balancing

Dynamically balancing traffic across multiple Internet Service Provider (ISP) links to ensure Internet continuity and availability, even during ISP outages.

link bonding
  • Also known as: multiport link aggregation

Allows you to aggregate multiple physical network links into a single logical link. You can use link aggregation to achieve multi-gigabit capacity to services and servers.

macOS

Macintosh Operating System. Formerly known as Mac OS X.

MAPI
  • Also known as: Microsoft Application Programming Interface

A programming library for Windows developers that provides messaging services to their applications.

Mb

A megabit.

MBPS

A unit of measure used to describe the rate of data transmission equal to one millions bits per second.

MHz
  • Also known as: megahertz

A unit of frequency equal to 10^6 hertz, which is defined as one cycle per second. 

MIB
  • Also known as: Management Information Base

A database used for managing the entities in a communication network. Often associated with SNMP.

Microsoft Azure

Microsoft's cloud computing platform. Barracuda Networks was the first Microsoft Azure Certified Security Solution Provider, with a product line that includes the Barracuda Web Application Firewall, CloudGen Firewall, Message Archiver, and Email Security Gateway.

Microsoft SharePoint

A web application platform in the Microsoft Office server suite, mainly used for document management and storage. 

MIME type

Two-part identifier for file formats and format contents transmitted over the Internet.

MOS
  • Also known as: Mean Opinion Score

Measure representing the overall quality of a system or stimulus, calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of individual values of quality. Often used for, but not limited to, video, audio and audiovisual quality.

multilayer switch

Switch that filters and forwards packets based on MAC addresses and network addresses. A subset of LAN switch.

multiplexing

Scheme that allows multiple logical signals to be transmitted simultaneously across a single physical channel.

multitenancy
  • Also known as: multitenant

The existence of multiple clients sharing resources (services or applications) on distinct physical hardware. Due to the on-demand nature of cloud, most services are multitenant.

name server

Server connected to a network that resolves network names into network addresses.

NAT
  • Also known as: network address translation

The process of modifying IP address information in IP packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device. The simplest type of NAT provides a one to one translation of IP addresses.

NAT instance

A NAT device, configured by a user, that performs network address translation in a VPC public subnet to secure inbound Internet traffic.

NetBIOS
  • Also known as: Network Basic Input/Output System

API used by applications on an IBM LAN to request services from lower-level network processes. These services might include session establishment and termination, and information transfer.

network layer

Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems. The network layer is the layer at which routing occurs.

non-stub area

Resource-intensive OSPF area that carries a default route, static routes, intra-area routes, interarea routes, and external routes. The only OSPF areas that can have virtual links configured across them and that can contain an ASBR.

NoSQL

Nonrelational database systems that are highly available, scalable, and optimized for high performance. Instead of the relational model, NoSQL databases (like Amazon DynamoDB) use alternate models for data management, such as key–value pairs or document storage.

null ciphers

Form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material.

offline authentication

Authentication method with an internal IP address as destination. Offline Authentication Works with all protocols (for example, POP3).

offsite

Refers to a location other than the subject site. Example: Barracuda Cloud Storage subscription plans provide diverse offsite storage that scales to meet your changing data requirements.

On-Demand Instance

An Amazon EC2 pricing option that charges you for compute capacity by the hour with no long-term commitment.

ONC-RPC
  • Also known as: Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call

Remote procedure call system based on calling conventions used in Unix and the C programming language.

one-arm proxy

A deployment option where only one network interface of a device is used to transfer incoming and outgoing traffic.

onsite

At the place where a business or activity happens. Compare to offsite.

OpenStack

A free and open-source cloud computing software platform used to control pools of processing, storage, and networking resources in a datacenter.

OSB transformation

Orthogonal sparse bigram transformation. In machine learning, a transformation that aids in text string analysis and that is an alternative to the n-gram transformation. OSB transformations are generated by sliding the window of size n words over the text, and outputting every pair of words that includes the first word in the window.

OWA
  • Also known as: Outlook Web Access, Outlook Web App

Microsoft provides OWA as part of Exchange Server to allow users to connect to their email accounts via a web browser, without requiring the installation of Microsoft Outlook.

OWASP
  • Also known as: Open Web Application Security Project

A worldwide, not-for-profit charitable organization focused on improving the security of software. Creator of the OWASP Top 10, a powerful awareness document for web application security, representing a broad consensus about the most critical web application security flaws.  https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project 

PaaS
  • Also known as: platform as a service

Cloud platform services, where the computing platform (operating system and associated services) is delivered as a service over the Internet by the provider.

packet
  • Also known as: pkt

A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination over a network.

packet fragmentation

Part of the processing of TCP IP traffic that consists of fragmenting, sending, and reassembling packets.

padding

Additional, meaningless data adds to a packet to increase its size.

PAYG

PCI DSS
  • Also known as: Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, PCI-DSS

Standards for security practices when using payment cards (e.g., credit, debit, gift).https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/security_standards/

peer

A device to which a computer has a network connection that is relatively symmetrical and where both devices can initiate or respond to a similar set of requests.

persistent storage

A data storage solution where the data remains intact until it is deleted.

Personal Firewall

Component of the Barracuda Network Access Client. Centrally managed host firewall that can handle up to four different rulesets at once, depending on the policy applicable to user, machine, date, and time

PKCS #n
  • Also known as: Public Key Cryptography Standards

Refers to a group of standards, in the format PKCS #n, where n =1 to 15. For example: Certificates can be downloaded in PKCS #12 format, which includes the private key and certificate.

Placement Group

Logical grouping of AWS instances within a single Availability Zone.

policy routing

Also called source-based routing, is used when the source IP address of the connection determines, in part or completely, which route is used.

policy simulator

A tool in the IAM AWS Management Console that helps you test and troubleshoot policies so you can see their effects in real-world scenarios.

polling

A means of Media Access Control where a device may only transmit information when it is given permission to transmit by a controller device.

PPTP
  • Also known as: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

A network protocol that is used to establish VPN tunnels.

Premium Support

24/7 support, offered by Barracuda Networks

private subnet

A VPC subnet whose instances cannot be reached from the Internet.

promiscuous mode

In this mode, a network device can receive and process all of the packets on its network. Can be used in packet sniffing. 

provisioning

Process of preparing and equipping a network or device to allow it to provide services to its users.

public cloud

Cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet. Examples include Amazon AWS, Google Cloud Platform, and  Microsoft Azure.

public cloud hosting

Cloud-hosted virtual machines, such as Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services.

public IP address

External IP address, assigned to a computing device to allow direct access over the Internet. For example, a web server, email server or any server device directly accessible from the Internet.

public key

A value provided by a designated authority as an encryption key.  Public key cryptography (asymmetric cryptography) uses pairs of keys: public keys that may be distributed widely, and private keys that are known only to the owner.

public subnet

A subnet whose instances can be reached from the Internet.

RADIUS
  • Also known as: Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, WiFi Access Point Authentication

Networking protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA or Triple A) management for users who connect and use a network service.

RDP
  • Also known as: Remote Desktop Protocol

A proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection.

RDS

AWS term, managed Relational Database Service

real time
  • Also known as: realtime, real-time

The time in which an action is performed.

regular expression

A combination of characters or character classes and operators that describe text for matching purposes.

replication

Involves sharing information to ensure consistency between sources. By comparison, backups save data unchanged for a long period of time; replicas undergo frequent updates.

Reserved Instance

A pricing option for EC2 instances that discounts the on-demand usage charge for instances that meet the specified parameters. Customers pay for the entire term of the instance, regardless of how they use it.

Reserved IP addresses
  • Also known as: RIP

IP addresses reserved for special purposes. For example, IP addresses reserved and assigned to Azure cloud services.

REST API
  • Also known as: Representational State Transfer API

A software architecture style for building scalable web services. REST gives a coordinated set of constraints to the design of components in a distributed hypermedia system that can lead to a higher performing and more maintainable architecture.An API (Application Programming Interface) is the means by which third parties can write code that interfaces with other code.

reverse lookup zone

Support the secondary function of Domain Name System (DNS) - the resolution of IP addresses to host names.

reverse proxy

The HTTP Proxy directs incoming requests from other servers to clients without providing the origin details.

RMA
  • Also known as: Routing Information Protocol

Numbered authorization provided by a merchant, like Barracuda Networks, to permit the return of a product.

rollback

A return to a previous state after an installation or configuration failure.

root certificate

A CA-signed or self-signed public key certificate that identifies the root certificate authority (CA).

Round-Robin policy

Method of traffic balancing among links/interfaces in circular order.

Route 53

AWS service for DNS-based load balancing that connects user requests to EC2 instances, ELBs, S3 buckets, and Internet applications and provides health checks for monitoring or to route traffic to healthy endpoints.

route table

In AWS, a set of routing rules that controls the traffic leaving any subnet that is associated with the route table. You can associate multiple subnets with a single route table, but a subnet can be associated with only one route table at a time.

routed bridging

Bridging mode where the router acts as a bridge.

RPC protocols
  • Also known as: Rate Control Protocol, ONC-RPC, DCE-RPC

Congestion control algorithm designed for fast download times such as user response times, or flow-completion times. 

RRS

One of the four storage classes in AWS. 99.9& SLA reduced redundancy storage, lower fault tolerance, stored in 1 region.

ruleset

A collection of one or more access or application rules.

S3
  • Also known as: Simple Storage Service, Amazon Web Services

Object-based, scalable object storage in the AWS cloud.

SafeSearch

Feature of Google Search that acts as an automated filter of pornography and potentially offensive content.

Salesforce

An online SaaS company that is best known for delivering customer relationship management (CRM) software to companies over the Internet.

scalability

The suitability of a network system to operate properly and efficiently when configured on a large scale.

scaling policy

In AWS, a description of how Auto Scaling should automatically scale an Auto Scaling group in response to changing demand.

SCCP
  • Also known as: Signalling Connection Control Part, Skinny

Network layer protocol that provides extended routing, flow control, segmentation, connection orientation, and error correction facilities in Signaling System 7 telecommunications networks.

SD-WAN
  • Also known as: software-defined networking in a wide area network, software-defined WAN

A wide area network controlled by software. Control and data are decoupled, simplifying both network hardware and management.

serial port

A port on a computing device that is capable of either transmitting or receiving one bit at a time. 

server certificate

Certificate for a server, signed by a valid, trusted entity, that allows access without further validation.

service certificate

Certificate for a service, signed by a valid, trusted entity, that allows access without further validation. 

session layer

The layer in the OSI 7-Layer Model that is concerned with managing the resources required for the session between two computers.

single pass

Algorithm that reads its input exactly once, in order, without unbounded buffering. Generally requires O(n) time and less than O(n) storage (typically O), where n is the size of the input.

Single Sign-On
  • Also known as: SSO

A session and user authentication service that permits a user to use one set of login credentials to access multiple applications. 

SIP

Communications protocol for signaling and controlling multimedia communication session such as voice and video calls.

Site-to-Site VPN

Securely connects entire networks to each other, for example, connecting a branch office network to a company headquarters network.

SLA
  • Also known as: service level agreement, service-level agreement

A contractual agreement by which a service provider defines the level of service, responsibilities, priorities, and guarantees regarding availability, performance, and other aspects of the service.

slow client attack

Occurs when an attacker deliberately sends multiple partial HTTP requests to the server to carry out an HTTP DoS attack on the server. The client attempts to slow the request or response so much that it holds connections and memory resources open on the server for a long time, but without triggering session time-outs.

SMS Passcode

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) solution that adds an extra security layer for a broad range of authentication clients.

SMTP
  • Also known as: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Internet standard for electronic mail transmission.

SNA
  • Also known as: Systems Network Architecture

IBM's communications architecture and strategy.

snapshot

Capture of the state of a system at a particular point in time.

SNMP
  • Also known as: Simple Network Management Protocol

A standard for management of networked devices using a simple request-response data retrieval mechanism. Used for collecting information, along with configuring network devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

SNMP service

The SNMP service is used to remotely monitor the network and system state of a Barracuda NextGen Firewall using a network management system (NMS).

SNS
  • Also known as: simple notification service

Feature to push notifications to mobile services and trigger actions, in Amazon Web Services (AWS).

SNTP
  • Also known as: Simple Network Time Protocol

Network package format for time synchronization, similar to NTP, only recommended for simple applications.

Social Security number
  • Also known as: SSN, ss number

A nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents for social security purposes.

Source NAT

Changing the source address/port in the IP header of a packet. Example: changing a private IP address/port into a public address/port in the IP header of a packet leaving the network.

Spot Instance

Purchasing option that allows a customer to purchase unused Amazon EC2 computer capacity at a highly-reduced rate.

SQL
  • Also known as: Structured Query Language

A standard metalanguage for data base access and management.

SQS
  • Also known as: Amazon Simple Queue Service, Amazon SQS

Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a fast, reliable, scalable, fully managed message queuing service.

SSL
  • Also known as: Secure Sockets Layer

Standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client - typically a web server and a browser, or a mail server and a mail client.

SSL certificate

A digital certificate that is installed on a web server, authenticates the identity of the website, and encrypts the data that is transmitted.

SSL Encryption
  • Also known as: Secure Sockets Layer encryption

The standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser. This link ensures that all data passed between the web server and browsers remain private and integral.Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the successor to SSL, and is sometimes referred to as "SSL".

SSL offloading
  • Also known as: Secure Sockets Layer

Relieves a web server of the processing burden of encrypting and/or decrypting traffic sent via SSL. The processing is offloaded to a separate device designed specifically to perform SSL acceleration or SSL termination.

SSL VPN client

VPN client that can be installed on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall and then accessed through the Barracuda SSL VPN web portal. (Barracuda SSL VPN is a different product.)

static route

Route that is explicitly configured and entered into the routing table. Static Routes take precedence over routes chosen by dynamic routing protocols.

static website hosting

Hosting of a static website in Amazon S3. When a bucket is enabled for Static website hosting, all content is accessible to web browsers via the Amazon S3 website endpoint of the bucket.

stream and packet compression

Data compression technique used in wireless networks.

subnet mask
  • Also known as: subnetwork mask, netmask

Helps you know which portion of the IP address identifies the network and which portion identifies the node. You can use subnet masks to divide networks in to subnetworks and to identify the subnetwork an IP address belongs to.

subnetting

Partitioning of an IP address space into several smaller address spaces.

syslog streaming

Method for handling of log file messages that are to be transferred to another system for analyzing purposes.

tap

An intrusion into a network cable by a connector.

TCP Proxy

The TCP Proxy is placed between browser and web server and filters requests and responses in TCP streams.

TCP/IP
  • Also known as: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

A Transport and Network Layer Protocol, respectively, used for communication in the Internet and often in private networks.

Telnet

A protocol to access a remote computer system, often a Unix system, over the network. Origin: Teletype Network.

terminal server

Communications processor that connects asynchronous devices such as terminals, printers, hosts, and modems to any LAN or WAN that uses TCP/IP, X.25, or LAT protocols.

TFTP
  • Also known as: Trivial File Transfer Protocol

A simplified version of FTP (file tranfer protocol).

timestamp
  • Also known as: time stamp

A date/time string to mark an occurrence of an event. 

transparent proxy
  • Also known as: inline proxy

The HTTP Proxy operates transparently to the clients in the network.

Transport Layer Security
  • Also known as: TLS

Cryptographic protocol that provides communications security over a computer network.

two-arm proxy

The Two-Arm Proxy mode uses both physical ports (WAN and LAN) of the device.

unencrypt

To decrypt encrypted data. The antonym of encrypt.

unit

Product or system.

User Identity Awareness

Security term for traffic monitoring based on username, host, and IP address.

vertical cloud

A cloud computing environment optimized for use and built around the compliance needs of specialized industries such as healthcare, financial services, and government operations.

virtualization

Allows multiple guest virtual machines (VM) to run on a host operating system. Guest VMs can run on one or more levels above the host hardware, depending on the type of virtualization.

VLAN
  • Also known as: Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN Interface

Any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). The physical interface behaves like several interfaces, and the switch behaves like multiple switches.

VM
  • Also known as: virtual machine

An emulation of a computer system that is based on computer architectures and provides functionality of a physical computer. For example, the Barracuda NextGen Firewall Azure can be deployed as a virtual machine in the Microsoft Azure cloud.

VMware

A software company that provides cloud and virtualization software and services, incuding vSphere.

VPC
  • Also known as: virtual public cloud

An elastic network populated by infrastructure, platform, and application services that share common security and interconnection.

Vx

Specifies virtual model of a Barracuda Networks products. For example, Barracuda Web Application Firewall 460 Vx.

WAN
  • Also known as: Wide Area Network, WLAN

A network connecting devices separated by large geographical distances, often joining multiple local access networks (LANs). 

WAN IP address
  • Also known as: wide area network IP

IP address used to connect your WAN to the Internet. It is shared by all devices in the WAN. 

web app
  • Also known as: web application

Client–server software application in which the client (or user interface) runs in a web browser.

web interface
  • Also known as: Web UI

Web-based user interface.

web server

A computer system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the web.

Wi-Fi

A technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. 

Xen

Citrix hypervisor that allows to run multiple virtual machines (VMs) on one physical device.

YAML

A human-readable data serialization language, commonly used for configuration files.